I have built an almost identical circuit to this as I've been playing with amps / filters peak detectors etc...
I am using a small electret mic to pic up sound then a low pass filter and adjustable comparator for counting beats ... purely for fun

What I wanted to know is do you use a mic too or a line in from say an ipod ?
I was thinking that a line in would be far better as there would be no external interference etc...
I presume I could omit the amp part and connect straight to the filter then comparator seeing as the headphones output roughly 2v peak to peak
I'm learning loads with all this and really enjoying it

Jay